Franklin D. Roosevelt Essay -- essays research papers

Franklin Delano Roosevelt was born January 30, 1882. He was the only child. His parents were James Roosevelt and Sara Delano Roosevelt. He was raised very fortunate because his family had a lot of money. Franklin, at age fourteen, attended Groton School. For his undergraduate degree he attended Harvard University. At Harvard he was elected editor-in-chief of the college paper. Franklin looked up to his distant cousin, Teddy Roosevelt. He wanted to be in office just like Teddy was. He ran for his first office in 1910 for New York’s state Senator. With in three years he was chosen Assistant Secretary of the Navy, a highly respected position.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In August of 1921 Roosevelt was paralyzed in both legs due to a disease called polio. This meant that he had to stop swimming and sailing, two of his favorite hobbies. Because of his inability to do the things he loved, he spent more time focusing on his political ambitions. It also helped him become more aware of the problems the people were facing. In 1928, he was elected to the governorship in New York. He was nominated for presidency in 1932. In his campaign he promised that the government would be responsible for the welfare of the people. With fifty-seven percent of the popular vote he was elected President. In his first term he called two emergency sessions, in which he created major acts and administrative bodies of the New Deal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Roosevelt started by solving the banking p...

Positive Reinforcement

Brittney Tutton Southwestern Illinois College Abstract This study is based on the effect of positive reinforcement on exercising more regularly. I wanted to try and exercise at least 30min – 1 hr everyday within one weeks period of time. In trying to do so I used positive reinforcement to increase to time I used to exercise more each day. I studied myself for this case and I am a 21 year old female who attends Southwestern Illinois College. Over a seven day baseline period I noted that I never exercised at all, unless you count the time token to walk to y car and or from one class to the next.Over the seven day treatment period I exercised more being that I couldn't watch TV unless I completed at least 30mins of exercise. So if I wanted to watch an hour of TV I had to exercise at least 30mins and this was very successful for me. The use of positive reinforcement in this study was easiest for me and worked to help me exercise more. In the future when applying behavior modificat ion to help me exercise more I may try something different to help me increase the timed used to exercise daily.Instead of using a privilege as a reward I can switch it up and use something I really want, such as a new pair of shoes as a positive reinforcement to continue to get me to exercise more regularly each day. Keywords: positive reinforcement, baseline period, treatment period, behavior modification For my behavior modification project, I wanted to increase how much I exercised. My goal was to exercise at least 5 days a week for at least 30mins a day. The reason I chose exercising for this project is because I believe it's something I needed to do ore of to stay healthy and fit.The reasons I think I have trouble exercising regularly is 1) I am so busy with school and school work, I made myself believe I didn't have time to. 2) I procrastinate a lot and would always put it off for later and end up never doing it at all. I plan on using positive reinforcement to increase how m uch I exercise daily. My short term goal is to exercise at least 5days a week for at least 30mins long. My long term goal is to increase the time spent exercising each day from 30mins to 1 hour long and to start eating healthier as well. MethodsMy operational definition for my target behavior is exercising more, to exercise at least 30mins a day. Positive Reinforcement will be my treatment. Whenever I want to watch television I have to complete 30mins of exercise. I will use positive reinforcement by rewarding myself 1 hr of television if I exercise for 30mins. Procedurel For 2weeks I collected data for this study. For 7 days I collected data before I used behavior modification to change my non exercising habit. For another 7 days I collected data in the treatment phase where I started using positive reinforcement henever I exercised.Baseline phase. During the 7 day baseline phase I recorded how much I did or didn't exercise each day. I did not reward myself for exercising and I did n't punish myselt tor not exercising at all. I wrote down and kept track in my notebook how much I did or didn't exercise each day. Treatment phase. During the 7 day treatment phase, I rewarded myself 1 hour of television if I exercised for at least 30mins. Results During the baseline phase I spent zero minutes exercising a day. I did not exercise at all. During the treatment phase I exercised an average of 45min a day.I met my goal of exercising more regularly at a minimum of at least 30mins a day. Summary During the treatment phase of this study I met my goal of exercising more every day for a minimum of 30mins by using positive reinforcement. I plan on continuing this and using positive reinforcement to help me exercise more each day and increase my time spent exercising. I also would like to try to start eating healthier to lose weight and I will use positive reinforcement to do so. I am going to try new rein forcers for exercising more and eating healthy, such as a pair of new shoes when I reach my oal.

Explanation For Third Wave African Democracy After The...

Explanations for ‘Third Wave’ African Democracy After the Cold War The end of the Cold War marked a turning point for democracy promotion in Africa. As if overnight, somewhere between nine and 18 African states claimed to be democracies (depending on which definition of democracy one accepts) in only a span of six years (Diamond 1997, 2). This seemed unusual because, prior to this period, it seemed as though authoritarian regimes were a permanent fixture in African states, and Western donor states were perfectly happy to support those regimes (2005, 179). This period of rapid transition to democracy has been termed the ‘third wave’ of democracy (ibid). The mystery that has plagued many scholars through this time has been: why did this happen? Most of the early theories of African democratization argued that the real cause of democracy promotion was purely domestic (ibid, 180), but these theories tend to ignore important external factors such as the effects of colonialism on African affairs, the impact development agenda on African state s political and economic systems and choices, and the fact that Western donor states engaged in campaigns to coerce regime changes. Thus, while understanding and analyzing domestic factors are important in order to understand African democratic transitions , this author argues that the surge of democratization cannot be understood without considering the impact of external factors especially the legacy of colonialism, years ofShow MoreRelated Jihad - A Holy War Essay6110 Words   |  25 Pagesseared the word into American consciousness. 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